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Detekce napadení ječmene listovými chorobami pomocí infračerveného termálního zobrazování, zobazovací fluorescence chlorofylu, UV-stínění fluorescence chlorofylu a hyperspekrálního zobrazování
Holzmannová, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis was, in the theoretical part, to summarize basic information about barley, its use and the leaf diseases that occur most often on barley, and also to summarize the basics of imaging methods potentially useful for the detection of diseases on plant leaves, namely chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence UV shielding , hyperspectral imaging and infrared thermal imaging. The aim of the work was to evaluate the potential of individual sensor methods from the point of view of their ability to detect the resistance of spring barley genotypes to powdery mildew based on the experiment carried out with the inoculation of spring barley with grass powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). In the practical part, selected sensor methods are compared within the experiment with 6 lines of spring barley (line of the Pallas variety) differing only in the presence of different genes for resistance to powdery mildew. These lines were chosen to represent a wide range of reaction types in response to infection with avirulent powdery mildew pathotypes, as reaction type can be reflected in the response measured using these indirect methods. Based on the correlation analysis performed for individual parameters measured using tested indirect sensor methods with the values of the light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate, it was possible to state that within each group of methods there is a parameter showing a high ability to predict the plant's response and thus resistance to powdery mildew. It is a chlorophyll index, based on the principle of measuring the infrared and red transmittance of the leaf, the difference between the leaf temperature and the air temperature determined using a thermal camera, the fluorescence decrease ratio - vitality index (Rfd), and finally also the ZM spectral index. In addition to the temperature difference, the values of the Pearson correlation coefficient reach the level of 0.74, which means that it is a highly evident relationship, and the adjusted R2 values are above 0.55, which means that the reliability of the prediction is higher than 55%.
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Hodnocení výskytu houbových chorob u tritikale a jejich vliv na výnos
Petříková, Markéta
The bachelor thesis focuses on the occurrence of fungal diseases in two variants of the treat-ment of winter triticale. The first variant was with fungicidal treatment and the second variant without. The experiment was performed on the Field research station of Mendel University in Žabčice. Five varieties in four replications in each variant were evaluated. The work compares the occurrence of fungal diseases, the number of grains in spike, the number of spikes per m2, the thousand seed weight and the yield in both variants. Pathogens of Blumeria graminis and mild occurrence of Puccinia striiformis were found. The average yield of untreated variant was 6,3 t.ha-1 and in treated variant was 5,8 t.ha-1 As a result of drought, the treated variant was damaged, so the values were lower than in the untreated variant.
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Role of exocyst at plant pathogen defense
Sabol, Peter ; Kulich, Ivan (advisor) ; Šašek, Vladimír Matěj (referee)
Exocyst is a protein complex conserved in yeast, animals and plants. It mediates tethering of a secretory vesicle to the plasma membrane in the semifinal step of exocytosis. Several roles of exocyst in the processes of cell polarization in plant cells have been implied, including polarized growth of polen tubes and root hairs, cytokinesis, deposition of seed coat pectin and possibly autophagy. One of the most recent roles of exocyst includes also a response to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Exo70B2 and Exo70H1 subunits were shown to play prominent roles in this respect, with Exo70H1 being responsible for mediating defense against bacterial (Pseudomonas syringae) and Exo70B2 defense against both bacterial and fungal (Blumeria graminis) pathogens. Recently, new data appeared indicating the interaction between Exo70B1 and RIN4 and Exo70A1 and NOI6, respectively. RPM-1 interacting protein 4 (RIN4) is a well known negative regulator of both basal and effector-triggered resistance. This thesis shows interaction between NOI6 and several exocyst subunits, confirming previous data. I show here that exocyst subunints interact specifically with N terminus of NOI6 protein and that this interaction is lost in the shorter version of NOI6 mimicking AvrRpt2 cleavage. Since AvrRpt2 is an effector protein from...
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Mode of action of resistance inducers against powdery mildew in wheat
Grigová, Vendula ; Šašek, M. ; Věchet, L. ; Burketová, Lenka
One of the method, how to increase resistance of plants against disease without changes of their genom is use of phenomenon known as induced resistance. Plant protection in system of induced resistance is based on activation of defence mechanisms of plants by stimulation of methabolic and structural changes in plants. For induction of resistance is used many compounds of chemical and biological origin. This work informs about mode of action of inductors used in pathosystem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). Efficiency of cited inducers were analysed by means of markers genes expression and by finding out infective structures of Blumeria. Slight expression of WCI5 (wheat chemically induced gene) ) and WCK1 (gene encoding a MAP kinase in wheat) was detected. Test of germinability showed that BTH (benzothiadiazol) treatment and treatment of oak bark extract caused an inhibition of germinative activity of Blumeria graminis spores on wheat.
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